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data/hebrew-calendar.json
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239
data/hebrew-calendar.json
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{
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"meta": {
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"version": 1,
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"notes": "Hebrew (Jewish) lunisolar calendar months with traditional associations. Holiday records are centralized in calendar-holidays.json."
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},
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"calendar": {
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"id": "hebrew",
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"label": "Hebrew Calendar",
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"type": "lunisolar",
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"script": "Hebrew",
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"description": "The Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar used for Jewish religious observances. The religious year begins with Nisan (month of Passover); the civil year begins with Tishrei. A leap year adds a second Adar (Adar II), making 13 months."
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},
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"months": [
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{
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"id": "nisan",
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"order": 1,
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"name": "Nisan",
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"nativeName": "נִיסָן",
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"days": 30,
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"season": "Spring",
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"zodiacSign": "aries",
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"tribe": "Judah",
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"sense": "Speech",
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"hebrewLetter": "He (ה)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "aries",
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"hebrewLetterId": "he"
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},
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"description": "The first month of the religious year. Called the 'month of redemption.' Passover (Pesach) commemorates the Exodus from Egypt."
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},
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{
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"id": "iyar",
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"order": 2,
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"name": "Iyar",
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"nativeName": "אִיָּר",
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"days": 29,
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"season": "Spring",
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"zodiacSign": "taurus",
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"tribe": "Issachar",
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"sense": "Thought",
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"hebrewLetter": "Vav (ו)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "taurus",
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"hebrewLetterId": "vav"
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},
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"description": "A month of counting and transition between Passover and Shavuot. Yom HaShoah and Yom Ha'atzmaut fall here."
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},
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{
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"id": "sivan",
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"order": 3,
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"name": "Sivan",
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"nativeName": "סִיוָן",
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"days": 30,
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"season": "Late Spring",
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"zodiacSign": "gemini",
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"tribe": "Zebulun",
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"sense": "Walking",
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"hebrewLetter": "Zayin (ז)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "gemini",
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"hebrewLetterId": "zayin"
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},
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"description": "Month of the giving of the Torah at Sinai. Shavuot (Festival of Weeks) falls on the 6th."
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},
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{
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"id": "tammuz",
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"order": 4,
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"name": "Tammuz",
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"nativeName": "תַּמּוּז",
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"days": 29,
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"season": "Summer",
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"zodiacSign": "cancer",
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"tribe": "Reuben",
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"sense": "Sight",
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"hebrewLetter": "Het (ח)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "cancer",
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"hebrewLetterId": "het"
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},
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"description": "A month associated with mourning. The Golden Calf was made and the Tablets were broken on the 17th."
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},
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{
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"id": "av",
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"order": 5,
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"name": "Av",
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"nativeName": "אָב",
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"days": 30,
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"season": "Summer",
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"zodiacSign": "leo",
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"tribe": "Simeon",
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"sense": "Hearing",
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"hebrewLetter": "Tet (ט)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "leo",
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"hebrewLetterId": "tet"
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},
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"description": "A month of mourning that ends with celebration. Tisha B'Av commemorates the destruction of both Temples."
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},
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{
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"id": "elul",
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"order": 6,
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"name": "Elul",
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"nativeName": "אֱלוּל",
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"days": 29,
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"season": "Late Summer",
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"zodiacSign": "virgo",
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"tribe": "Gad",
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"sense": "Action",
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"hebrewLetter": "Yod (י)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "virgo",
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"hebrewLetterId": "yod"
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},
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"description": "A month of preparation and teshuva (repentance) before the High Holy Days. The shofar is blown daily."
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},
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{
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"id": "tishrei",
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"order": 7,
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"name": "Tishrei",
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"nativeName": "תִּשְׁרֵי",
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"days": 30,
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"season": "Autumn",
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"zodiacSign": "libra",
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"tribe": "Ephraim",
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"sense": "Coition",
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"hebrewLetter": "Lamed (ל)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "libra",
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"hebrewLetterId": "lamed"
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},
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"description": "The holiest month of the year. Contains Rosh Hashanah (New Year), Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), and Sukkot."
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},
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{
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"id": "cheshvan",
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"order": 8,
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"name": "Cheshvan",
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"nativeName": "חֶשְׁוָן",
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"days": 29,
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"daysVariant": 30,
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"season": "Autumn",
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"zodiacSign": "scorpio",
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"tribe": "Manasseh",
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"sense": "Smell",
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"hebrewLetter": "Nun (נ)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "scorpio",
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"hebrewLetterId": "nun"
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},
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"description": "Also called Marcheshvan. The only month with no Jewish holidays. Day count varies between 29–30 in different years."
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},
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{
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"id": "kislev",
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"order": 9,
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"name": "Kislev",
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"nativeName": "כִּסְלֵו",
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"days": 30,
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"daysVariant": 29,
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"season": "Early Winter",
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"zodiacSign": "sagittarius",
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"tribe": "Benjamin",
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"sense": "Sleep",
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"hebrewLetter": "Samekh (ס)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "sagittarius",
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"hebrewLetterId": "samekh"
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},
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"description": "Month of Hanukkah (Festival of Lights), which begins on the 25th. Day count varies 29–30."
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},
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{
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"id": "tevet",
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"order": 10,
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"name": "Tevet",
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"nativeName": "טֵבֵת",
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"days": 29,
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"season": "Winter",
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"zodiacSign": "capricorn",
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"tribe": "Dan",
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"sense": "Anger",
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"hebrewLetter": "Ayin (ע)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "capricorn",
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"hebrewLetterId": "ayin"
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},
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"description": "Hanukkah continues into the early days of Tevet. The 10th is a fast day marking the siege of Jerusalem."
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},
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{
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"id": "shvat",
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"order": 11,
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"name": "Shvat",
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"nativeName": "שְׁבָט",
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"days": 30,
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"season": "Late Winter",
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"zodiacSign": "aquarius",
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"tribe": "Asher",
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"sense": "Taste",
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"hebrewLetter": "Tzaddi (צ)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "aquarius",
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"hebrewLetterId": "tsadi"
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},
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"description": "The month of Tu B'Shvat, the 'New Year for Trees.' Trees begin to wake in the Land of Israel."
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},
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{
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"id": "adar",
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"order": 12,
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"name": "Adar (Adar I)",
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"nativeName": "אֲדָר",
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"days": 29,
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"season": "Late Winter / Early Spring",
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"zodiacSign": "pisces",
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"tribe": "Naphtali",
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"sense": "Laughter",
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"hebrewLetter": "Qof (ק)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "pisces",
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"hebrewLetterId": "qof"
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},
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"description": "A month of joy. Purim falls on the 14th. In a leap year this becomes Adar I and Purim is celebrated in Adar II."
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},
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{
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"id": "adar-ii",
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"order": 13,
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"name": "Adar II",
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"nativeName": "אֲדָר ב",
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"days": 29,
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"leapYearOnly": true,
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"season": "Early Spring",
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"zodiacSign": "pisces",
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"tribe": "Naphtali",
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"sense": "Laughter",
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"hebrewLetter": "Qof (ק)",
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"associations": {
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"zodiacSignId": "pisces",
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"hebrewLetterId": "qof"
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},
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"description": "Added in a Hebrew leap year (7 times in every 19-year Metonic cycle). Purim is celebrated in Adar II in leap years."
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}
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]
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}
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