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{
"meta": {
"version": 1,
"notes": "Core astronomical and calendrical cycles used in astronomy, chronology, and long-term sky modeling."
},
"cycles": [
{
"id": "metonic-cycle",
"name": "Metonic Cycle",
"category": "Luni-solar Calendar",
"period": "19 years",
"periodDays": 6939.69,
"description": "19 tropical years are approximately equal to 235 synodic lunar months.",
"significance": "Foundation for lunisolar calendar reconciliation.",
"related": ["Callippic Cycle", "Synodic Month"]
},
{
"id": "callippic-cycle",
"name": "Callippic Cycle",
"category": "Luni-solar Calendar",
"period": "76 years",
"periodDays": 27758.76,
"description": "Refinement of four Metonic cycles with leap-day correction.",
"significance": "Improves long-term lunisolar alignment.",
"related": ["Metonic Cycle"]
},
{
"id": "hipparchic-cycle",
"name": "Hipparchic Cycle",
"category": "Luni-solar Calendar",
"period": "304 years",
"periodDays": 111035.04,
"description": "Four Callippic cycles used as a higher-order correction block.",
"significance": "Historical long-cycle refinement in ancient astronomy.",
"related": ["Callippic Cycle"]
},
{
"id": "synodic-month",
"name": "Synodic Month",
"category": "Lunar",
"period": "29.53059 days",
"periodDays": 29.53059,
"description": "Average interval between identical lunar phases, such as full moon to full moon.",
"significance": "Primary month unit in lunar and lunisolar systems.",
"related": ["Metonic Cycle"]
},
{
"id": "draconic-month",
"name": "Draconic Month",
"category": "Lunar",
"period": "27.21222 days",
"periodDays": 27.21222,
"description": "Moon's node-to-node period relative to the ecliptic.",
"significance": "Important for eclipse timing models.",
"related": ["Saros Cycle", "Eclipse Season"]
},
{
"id": "anomalistic-month",
"name": "Anomalistic Month",
"category": "Lunar",
"period": "27.55455 days",
"periodDays": 27.55455,
"description": "Perigee-to-perigee period of the Moon.",
"significance": "Affects supermoon timing and lunar distance patterns.",
"related": ["Saros Cycle"]
},
{
"id": "eclipse-season",
"name": "Eclipse Season",
"category": "Eclipse",
"period": "173.31 days",
"periodDays": 173.31,
"description": "Interval between windows when the Sun is near a lunar node.",
"significance": "Predicts clusters of solar/lunar eclipses.",
"related": ["Draconic Month", "Saros Cycle"]
},
{
"id": "saros-cycle",
"name": "Saros Cycle",
"category": "Eclipse",
"period": "18 years 11 days 8 hours",
"periodDays": 6585.321,
"description": "Near-repeat interval for similar eclipses from geometry recurrence.",
"significance": "Classic eclipse prediction cycle.",
"related": ["Draconic Month", "Anomalistic Month", "Eclipse Season"]
},
{
"id": "inex-cycle",
"name": "Inex Cycle",
"category": "Eclipse",
"period": "29 years minus about 20 days",
"periodDays": 10571.95,
"description": "Longer eclipse recurrence interval connecting different saros families.",
"significance": "Useful for classifying eclipse series transitions.",
"related": ["Saros Cycle"]
},
{
"id": "solar-sunspot-cycle",
"name": "Solar Sunspot Cycle",
"category": "Solar",
"period": "~11 years",
"periodDays": 4017.75,
"description": "Average magnetic activity cycle of the Sun seen in sunspot counts.",
"significance": "Drives space weather and auroral activity trends.",
"related": ["Hale Magnetic Cycle"]
},
{
"id": "hale-magnetic-cycle",
"name": "Hale Magnetic Cycle",
"category": "Solar",
"period": "~22 years",
"periodDays": 8035.5,
"description": "Two sunspot cycles required for solar magnetic polarity to return.",
"significance": "Long-form solar dynamo period.",
"related": ["Solar Sunspot Cycle"]
},
{
"id": "jupiter-saturn-great-conjunction",
"name": "Jupiter-Saturn Great Conjunction",
"category": "Planetary",
"period": "~19.86 years",
"periodDays": 7255.0,
"description": "Mean interval between conjunctions of Jupiter and Saturn.",
"significance": "Major marker in historical chronology and sky cycles.",
"related": ["Great Trigon"]
},
{
"id": "great-trigon",
"name": "Great Trigon",
"category": "Planetary",
"period": "~240 years",
"periodDays": 87658.0,
"description": "Successive great conjunctions cycle through similar elemental triplicity patterns over centuries.",
"significance": "Long-cycle structure derived from Jupiter-Saturn conjunction drift.",
"related": ["Jupiter-Saturn Great Conjunction"]
},
{
"id": "venus-pentagram-cycle",
"name": "Venus Pentagram Cycle",
"category": "Planetary",
"period": "8 years",
"periodDays": 2921.94,
"description": "Five synodic Venus cycles align closely with eight Earth years, tracing a pentagram-like pattern.",
"significance": "Famous resonance in naked-eye planetary astronomy.",
"related": ["Synodic Venus Cycle"]
},
{
"id": "synodic-venus-cycle",
"name": "Synodic Venus Cycle",
"category": "Planetary",
"period": "583.92 days",
"periodDays": 583.92,
"description": "Mean interval between consecutive inferior conjunctions of Venus.",
"significance": "Basis of Venus visibility phases and cycle work.",
"related": ["Venus Pentagram Cycle"]
},
{
"id": "halley-comet-cycle",
"name": "Halley Comet Cycle",
"category": "Comet",
"period": "~75-76 years",
"periodDays": 27759.0,
"description": "Orbital return interval of 1P/Halley, varying by perturbations.",
"significance": "Most recognized periodic comet cycle.",
"related": ["Comet Period Classes"]
},
{
"id": "encke-comet-cycle",
"name": "Encke Comet Cycle",
"category": "Comet",
"period": "~3.30 years",
"periodDays": 1205.0,
"description": "Orbital return interval of Comet 2P/Encke.",
"significance": "Classic short-period comet benchmark.",
"related": ["Comet Period Classes"]
},
{
"id": "precession-of-equinoxes",
"name": "Precession of the Equinoxes",
"category": "Axial",
"period": "~25,772 years",
"periodDays": 9413478.0,
"description": "Slow conical motion of Earth's rotation axis relative to fixed stars.",
"significance": "Shifts equinox positions through zodiacal constellations over millennia.",
"related": ["Great Year (Platonic)"]
},
{
"id": "great-year-platonic",
"name": "Great Year (Platonic)",
"category": "Axial",
"period": "~25,772 years",
"periodDays": 9413478.0,
"description": "Traditional term for one full precessional cycle of the equinoxes.",
"significance": "Long-duration epochal framing in astronomy and chronology traditions.",
"related": ["Precession of the Equinoxes"]
},
{
"id": "milankovitch-obliquity",
"name": "Milankovitch Obliquity Cycle",
"category": "Climate-Astronomy",
"period": "~41,000 years",
"periodDays": 14975775.0,
"description": "Variation in Earth's axial tilt angle over tens of millennia.",
"significance": "Major pacing component in glacial-interglacial climate structure.",
"related": ["Milankovitch Precession", "Milankovitch Eccentricity"]
},
{
"id": "milankovitch-precession",
"name": "Milankovitch Precession Cycle",
"category": "Climate-Astronomy",
"period": "~19,000 to 23,000 years",
"periodDays": 7665000.0,
"description": "Seasonal timing shift from axial precession interacting with orbital geometry.",
"significance": "Controls seasonal insolation pacing over geologic time.",
"related": ["Precession of the Equinoxes", "Milankovitch Obliquity"]
},
{
"id": "milankovitch-eccentricity",
"name": "Milankovitch Eccentricity Cycle",
"category": "Climate-Astronomy",
"period": "~100,000 years (plus ~405,000-year mode)",
"periodDays": 36524250.0,
"description": "Long-term change in orbital ellipse shape from near-circular to more elliptical.",
"significance": "Dominant long pacing in Quaternary paleoclimate archives.",
"related": ["Milankovitch Obliquity", "Milankovitch Precession"]
}
]
}