270 lines
7.8 KiB
JSON
270 lines
7.8 KiB
JSON
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{
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"meta": {
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"source": "NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (selected values, rounded)",
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"notes": "Core physical/orbital values are approximate and intended for educational UI display."
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},
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"planets": [
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{
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"id": "mercury",
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"name": "Mercury",
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"symbol": "☿︎",
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"classification": "Terrestrial planet",
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"summary": "The smallest planet and closest to the Sun, with extreme day/night temperature swings.",
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"meanDistanceFromSun": {
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"kmMillions": 57.9,
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"au": 0.387
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},
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"orbitalPeriod": {
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"days": 87.969,
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"years": 0.241
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},
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"rotationPeriodHours": 1407.6,
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"radiusKm": 2439.7,
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"diameterKm": 4879.4,
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"massKg": 3.3011e23,
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"gravityMs2": 3.7,
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"escapeVelocityKms": 4.25,
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"axialTiltDeg": 0.03,
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"averageTempC": 167,
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"moons": 0,
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"atmosphere": "Extremely thin exosphere (oxygen, sodium, hydrogen, helium, potassium).",
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"notableFacts": [
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"A solar day lasts about 176 Earth days.",
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"Its surface is heavily cratered like Earth’s Moon."
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]
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},
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{
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"id": "venus",
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"name": "Venus",
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"symbol": "♀︎",
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"classification": "Terrestrial planet",
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"summary": "Earth-sized but shrouded in dense clouds, with a runaway greenhouse effect.",
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"meanDistanceFromSun": {
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"kmMillions": 108.2,
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"au": 0.723
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},
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"orbitalPeriod": {
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"days": 224.701,
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"years": 0.615
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},
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"rotationPeriodHours": -5832.5,
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"radiusKm": 6051.8,
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"diameterKm": 12103.6,
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"massKg": 4.8675e24,
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"gravityMs2": 8.87,
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"escapeVelocityKms": 10.36,
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"axialTiltDeg": 177.36,
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"averageTempC": 464,
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"moons": 0,
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"atmosphere": "Very dense carbon dioxide with sulfuric acid clouds.",
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"notableFacts": [
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"Hottest planetary surface in the Solar System.",
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"Rotates retrograde (east-to-west)."
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]
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},
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{
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"id": "earth",
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"name": "Earth",
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"symbol": "⊕",
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"classification": "Terrestrial planet",
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"summary": "The only known world with stable liquid water oceans and life.",
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"meanDistanceFromSun": {
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"kmMillions": 149.6,
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"au": 1.0
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},
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"orbitalPeriod": {
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"days": 365.256,
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"years": 1.0
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},
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"rotationPeriodHours": 23.934,
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"radiusKm": 6371,
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"diameterKm": 12742,
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"massKg": 5.97237e24,
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"gravityMs2": 9.807,
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"escapeVelocityKms": 11.186,
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"axialTiltDeg": 23.44,
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"averageTempC": 15,
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"moons": 1,
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"atmosphere": "Mostly nitrogen and oxygen.",
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"notableFacts": [
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"About 71% of the surface is covered by water.",
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"Plate tectonics helps regulate long-term climate."
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]
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},
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{
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"id": "mars",
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"name": "Mars",
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"symbol": "♂︎",
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"classification": "Terrestrial planet",
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"summary": "A cold desert planet with the largest volcano and canyon in the Solar System.",
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"meanDistanceFromSun": {
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"kmMillions": 227.9,
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"au": 1.524
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},
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"orbitalPeriod": {
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"days": 686.98,
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"years": 1.881
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},
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"rotationPeriodHours": 24.623,
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"radiusKm": 3389.5,
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"diameterKm": 6779,
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"massKg": 6.4171e23,
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"gravityMs2": 3.721,
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"escapeVelocityKms": 5.03,
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"axialTiltDeg": 25.19,
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"averageTempC": -63,
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"moons": 2,
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"atmosphere": "Thin carbon dioxide atmosphere.",
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"notableFacts": [
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"Home to Olympus Mons and Valles Marineris.",
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"Evidence suggests ancient liquid water on its surface."
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]
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},
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{
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"id": "jupiter",
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"name": "Jupiter",
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"symbol": "♃︎",
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"classification": "Gas giant",
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"summary": "The largest planet, with powerful storms and a deep atmosphere of hydrogen and helium.",
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"meanDistanceFromSun": {
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"kmMillions": 778.6,
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"au": 5.203
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},
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"orbitalPeriod": {
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"days": 4332.59,
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"years": 11.86
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},
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"rotationPeriodHours": 9.925,
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"radiusKm": 69911,
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"diameterKm": 139822,
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"massKg": 1.8982e27,
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"gravityMs2": 24.79,
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"escapeVelocityKms": 59.5,
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"axialTiltDeg": 3.13,
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"averageTempC": -110,
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"moons": 95,
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"atmosphere": "Mostly hydrogen and helium.",
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"notableFacts": [
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"The Great Red Spot is a centuries-old storm.",
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"Its magnetic field is the strongest of any planet."
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]
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},
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{
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"id": "saturn",
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"name": "Saturn",
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"symbol": "♄︎",
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"classification": "Gas giant",
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"summary": "Known for its bright ring system made largely of ice particles.",
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"meanDistanceFromSun": {
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"kmMillions": 1433.5,
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"au": 9.537
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},
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"orbitalPeriod": {
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"days": 10759.22,
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"years": 29.45
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},
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"rotationPeriodHours": 10.656,
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"radiusKm": 58232,
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"diameterKm": 116464,
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"massKg": 5.6834e26,
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"gravityMs2": 10.44,
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"escapeVelocityKms": 35.5,
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"axialTiltDeg": 26.73,
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"averageTempC": -140,
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"moons": 146,
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"atmosphere": "Mostly hydrogen and helium.",
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"notableFacts": [
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"Its average density is lower than water.",
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"Rings are broad but extremely thin."
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]
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},
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{
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"id": "uranus",
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"name": "Uranus",
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"symbol": "♅︎",
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"classification": "Ice giant",
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"summary": "An ice giant that rotates on its side relative to its orbital plane.",
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"meanDistanceFromSun": {
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"kmMillions": 2872.5,
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"au": 19.191
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},
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"orbitalPeriod": {
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"days": 30688.5,
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"years": 84.02
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},
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"rotationPeriodHours": -17.24,
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"radiusKm": 25362,
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"diameterKm": 50724,
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"massKg": 8.681e25,
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"gravityMs2": 8.69,
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"escapeVelocityKms": 21.3,
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"axialTiltDeg": 97.77,
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"averageTempC": -195,
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"moons": 28,
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"atmosphere": "Hydrogen, helium, methane.",
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"notableFacts": [
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"Its sideways tilt likely comes from an ancient giant impact.",
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"Methane in the atmosphere gives it a blue-green color."
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]
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},
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{
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"id": "neptune",
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"name": "Neptune",
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"symbol": "♆︎",
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"classification": "Ice giant",
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"summary": "A distant, dynamic world with supersonic winds and dark storm systems.",
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"meanDistanceFromSun": {
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"kmMillions": 4495.1,
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"au": 30.07
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},
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"orbitalPeriod": {
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"days": 60182,
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"years": 164.8
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},
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"rotationPeriodHours": 16.11,
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"radiusKm": 24622,
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"diameterKm": 49244,
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"massKg": 1.02413e26,
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"gravityMs2": 11.15,
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"escapeVelocityKms": 23.5,
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"axialTiltDeg": 28.32,
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"averageTempC": -200,
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"moons": 16,
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"atmosphere": "Hydrogen, helium, methane.",
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"notableFacts": [
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"Fastest sustained winds measured on any planet.",
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"Triton, its largest moon, orbits in retrograde."
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]
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},
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{
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"id": "pluto",
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"name": "Pluto",
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"symbol": "♇︎",
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"classification": "Dwarf planet",
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"summary": "A Kuiper Belt dwarf planet with nitrogen ice plains and a complex seasonal cycle.",
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"meanDistanceFromSun": {
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"kmMillions": 5906.4,
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"au": 39.48
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},
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"orbitalPeriod": {
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"days": 90560,
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"years": 248.0
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},
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"rotationPeriodHours": -153.3,
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"radiusKm": 1188.3,
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"diameterKm": 2376.6,
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"massKg": 1.303e22,
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"gravityMs2": 0.62,
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"escapeVelocityKms": 1.21,
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"axialTiltDeg": 122.53,
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"averageTempC": -225,
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"moons": 5,
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"atmosphere": "Thin, variable nitrogen atmosphere with methane and carbon monoxide.",
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"notableFacts": [
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"Charon is large enough that Pluto-Charon is often described as a binary system.",
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"First close-up images were captured by New Horizons in 2015."
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]
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}
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]
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}
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